A Molecular Troika of Angiogenesis, Coagulopathy and Endothelial Dysfunction in the Pathology of Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head: A Comprehensive Review
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) is a painful disorder characterized by the cessation of blood supply to the femoral head, leading to its death and subsequent joint collapse.Influenced by several risk factors, including corticosteroid use, excessive alcohol intake, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and some inflammatory disorders, along wi